Implicatures
Gamut, L. T. F. "Pragmatics: Meaning and Usage." Chapter 6 in Logic, Language and Meaning Vol. I: Introduction to Logic. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1990. ISBN: 9780226280844.
Grice, Paul. "Logic and Conversation." Chapter 2 in Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 3: Speech Acts. Edited by Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan. New York, NY: Academic Press, 1975. ISBN: 9780127854236.
Sauerland, Uri. "Scalar Implicatures in Complex Sentences." Linguistics and Philosophy 27 (2004): 367–391.
Free Choice Disjunction And Implicatures
Klinedinst, Nathan Winter. Plurality and Possibility. Ph.D dissertation in linguistics. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Los Angeles, 2007. (
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Fox, Danny. "Free Choice and the Theory of Scalar Implicatures." Cambridge, MA: MIT Department of Philosophy and Linguistics, 2006. Draft paper. (PDF)
Modularity And Embedded Implicatures
Fox, Danny, and Martin Hackl. "The Universal Density of Measurement." Cambridge, MA: MIT, and Pomona College, 2006. Draft paper to appear in Linguistics and Philosophy. (PDF)
Magri, Giorgio. "A Theory of Individual-level Predicates Based on Blind Mandatory Scalar Implicatures." National Language Semantics 17 (2009): 245–297.
———. A Theory of Individual-level Predicates Based on Blind Mandatory Scalar Implicatures. Ph.D dissertation in linguistics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Department of Philosophy and Linguistics, 2010. Read Part I. (PDF)
Implicatures: On The Nature Of Alternatives
Matsumoto, Yo. "The Conversational Condition on Horn Scales." Linguistics and Philosophy 18 (1995): 21-60.
Katzir, Roni. "Structurally-Defined Alternatives." Linguistics and Philosophy 30 (2007): 669–690.
Fox, Danny, and Roni Katzir. "On the Characterization of Alternatives." Cambridge, MA: MIT Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2009. Draft paper. (PDF)
Presuppositions
Peters, Stanley. "A Truth-Conditional Formulation of Karttunen's Account of Presuppositions." Synthese 40 (1979): 301-316.
Heim, Irene. "On the Projection Problem for Presuppositions." Pp. 114-125 in Proceedings of the Second West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Edited by Michael Barlow, Daniel P. Flickinger, and Michael T. Wescoat. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Stanford Linguistics Association, 1983.
———. "Presupposition Projection." Included in Presupposition, Lexical Meaning and Discourse Processes: Workshop Reader. Edited by R. van der Sandt. Nijmegen, The Netherlands: University of Nijmegen, 1990. (PDF)
Schlenker, Philippe. "Be Articulate: A Pragmatic Theory of Presupposition Projection." Theoretical Linguistics 34, no. 3 (2008): 157-212.